DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

      Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) ialah kata-kata kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara. Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-katansi pembicara kepada orang lain.

 Jadi, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.

 Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :
 I. Statement (pernyataan)
II. Command (perintah)
III. Question (pertanyaan)

 Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech :
 1.To be & Auxiliary Verbs Direct Indirect Am/is/are - was/were Shall/will - should/would Can - could May - might Must Have/has to - had to Ought to

2. Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat) Direct Indirect now - then tomorrow - the following day next week - the following week tonight - that night today - that day yesterday - the day before last night - the night before last week - the week before the precious week here - there this that these - those

3.Tenses Direct Indirect Simple present - simple past Simple past - past perfect Present perfect Present continous - past continous Present perfect continous - past perfect continous Simple future - past future I.

STATEMENT
 Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words). Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah :
 He said He said to me that + reported words He told me e.g - Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.” - Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.
 - Father said “I am going out of town tomorrow”
 - Father said that he was going out of town the following day.
 - Mary told John “my father warned me last night”
 - Mary told John that her father had arned her the night before.
 - My sister said to me “I don’t like tennis”
 - My sister said to me that she didn’t like tennis.
 - Tom said “I didn’t go to school this morning”
- Tom said that he hadn’t gone to school that morning.

Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, maka kalimat yang dilaporkan tidak mengalami perubahan. e.g
 - John says “I will go to Bandung tomorrow”
 - John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow - Mary says “I have seen that film”
 - Mary says that she has seen that film.
 - My brother says “I met Tom at the party last night”
 - My brother says that he met Tom at the party last night.
 - Tom says “I don’t like English”
 - Tom says that he don’t like English.

 II. COMMAND
 Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :
1. Positive Command Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan.
 Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah : to + infinitive He asked me He told me e.g
- He asked me “Open your book”
 - He asked me to open my book.
 - Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane”
 - Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.
 - Mother asked John “Pay attention to what I say”
 - Mother asked John to pay attention to what she says.
 - John told Mary “Wait until I come”
 - John told Mary to wait until he comes.
 - The teacher said to the students “Be quiet while I am talking”
 - The teacher told the students to be quiet while she is talking.

 2. Negative Command Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan. e.g - Mary told John “Don’t wait for me”
 - Mary told John not to wait for her.
 - I told him “Don’t mention it to anyone”
 - I told him not to mention it to anyone.
 - Father asked her “Don’t go there alone”
 - Father asked her not to go there alone
- Ira asked Tom “Don’t come to my house again”
- Ira asked tom not to come to her house again.
 - Mothers asked John “Don’t smoke too much”
 - Mother asked John not to smoke too much.

III. QUESTION
 Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti ; Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk positif.
Kalimat pengantarnya ialah : Positive Form He asked me where When etc. e.g
 - The man asked me : “Where do you live ?”
 - The man asked me where I lived. - John asked Mary : “Why do you get angry with me ?”
 - John asked Mary why she got angry with him.
 - I asked him : “When did you get back from your trip ?”
 - I asked him when he had got back from his trip.
 - He asked me : “How will you go there ?”
 - He asked me how I would go there.
 - John asked the girl : “What is your name ?”
 - John asked the girl what her name was.

Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam bentuk“Yes & No Question”, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika, apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang dilaporkan. e.g
 - The boy asked John : “Does Mary live near here?”
- The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.
- The teacher asked her : “Have you finish your homework ?”
- The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.
- Mary asked me : “Did you she John at the party the night before.
- Mary asked me whether I had seen John at the party the night before.
- We asked them : “Will you go to the movie with us tonight ?”
- We asked them whether they would go to the movie with us that night.
- Mother asked John : “Are you going to marry her ?”
- Mother asked John if he was going to marry her.
 Note : Baik if maupun whether dapat digunakan bergantian IV. REPORTED SPEECH / MIXED TYPE (Jenis Gabungan) Bila pertanyaan dan pernyataan digabung dalam Reported Speech maka kita menggunakan kata as (karena)sebagai penghubung pada bagian kalimat pernyataan yang dilaporkan. Dalam hal ini kalimat pernyataan tersebut dilaporkan kemudian.

 Perhatikanlah contoh-contoh berikut ini : e.g
 - She asked me :”What is the time ?”, my watch has stopped.
 - She asked me what the time was as her watch had stopped.
 - Ira asked John :”what is the matter with you ?”, You don’t look well.
 - Mary asked John what the matter was with him as he didn’t look well.
 - I asked her :”How long have you been studying English ?”, Your accent is very good.
 - I asked her how long she had been studying English as he her accent was very good.
 - He told me :”I am off to the movie,” Where are you going ?”
 - He told me that he was off to the movie and asked me where I was going.
 - She said :”It is cold inside,” Is the window open ?
 - She said that it was cold inside and asked if the window was open.

Bila dalam pertanyaan langsung disertai dengan jawaban Yes dan No, maka kita menggunakan kata butsebagai penghubung untuk jawaban No dan kata and sebagai penghubung untuk jawaban Yes. e.g
 - He asked me :”Will you go out wiith me ?” No, I won’t.
 - He asked me if I would go out with him but I said I wouldn’t.
 - Mother asked John :”Have you had lunch ?” No, I haven’t.
 - Mother asked John if he had had lunch but he said he hadn’t.
 - She asked me :”Can you meet me tomorrow ?” No.
 - She asked me if I could meet her the following day but I said I couldn’t.
 - I asked her :”Do you like vegetables ?” Yes, I do.
 - Is asked her if she liked veggetables and she said she did.
 - Mary asked John :”Did you phone me last night ?” Yes, I did.
 - Mary asked John if he had phoned her the night before and he said he had.
 - Father asked me :”Are you going to the movie tonight ?” Yes.
 - Father asked me if I was going to the movie that night and I said I was.

 Direct & Indirect with Auxiliaries Perhatikan perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Auxiliaries Direct Indirect Was/were
 - had been can
 - could may - might must & have to
 - had to must not - wasn’t to/musn’t needn’t
 - didn’t have to e.g - Mary said :” I was sick yesterday.”
 - Mary said that she had been sick the day before.
 - The man asked me :” Can you speak English ?”
 - The man asked me if I could speak English.
 - Mary said to John :”You may come to my house tomorrow.”
 - Mary said to John that she might come to his house the following day.
 - Mother told John :”You must study harder if you want to pass the exam.”
 - Mother told John that he had to study harder if he wanted to pass the exam.
 - The police told me :” You must not drive without license.”
 - The police told me that I wasn’t to drive without license.”
 - The teacher told them :”You needn’t hurry.”
- The teacher told them that they didn’t have to hurry.

5 CM

There are five close friends that interlaced the friendship upon the seven years. They are Arial, that most handsome, Riani is the only girl in the team. Zafran who is like to talk anything with poem. Ian who is has biggest body. And Genta is as a leader in the team. They have a strange passion begin from visiting an expensive until cheapest cafe, until watching field movie. One day, because of bored, they are aware if togetherness among them didn’t find a something new; they felt that anything that they did, they did in repetitively. And after sharing to another, Genta had an idea, he said that they in no case to meet until three months later. No one may to meet or talk to another until at a set time. He hoped to resurrect a longing among them, and after three months they would meet in Senen Train station at August 14th. The five young who were called themselves as a Power Rangers and sometimes Google had agreed with the decision. If they wouldn’t met and having communication until at a set time. During three months they found something new and richen their life that never they got before. Zafran who fallen in love with Dinda, she is twin sister of Arial. He was struggling for get love from Dinda. Then, Arial, he had same case with Zafran. He fallen in love with Indy, a girl who was meeting by Arial when they at Fitness center. Genta, he succeeded become the leader in EO (Event Organizer) in an exhibition gather with his crew. Whereas Ian, in three months he can finished his thesis although he almost give up but finally he can go through and just waiting for graduating ceremony. And the last is Riani; she can finish her apprentice in the one of company and success with a good appreciation. August 7th, Genta sent massage to fourth his friends, he tell if next in Augusts 14 they would meet in Senen Train Station with bring equipments to climbing mountain and he also given advice to all of his friends to prepare their body by doing physical exercise because they would get an a long trip. Come upon the time, August 14th they met in Senen Train Station, the meeting after three months that full of yearning. By economic entrain they started to tripping. Trip that full of conviction, idealistic, aspiration, dream, and love. Leave taking and tripping that they got, made them understand about the mean became a real human, not just a body that can speak, walk, and having named. The journey that full of experiences that they never found before. Begin from knew about the real life of people who lived in a poverty, defend to live for family. They were aware if up till now they didn’t fell it. They life at sufficiency, it made them aware if life is so much worth and lent a helping hand is meaningful for them (pauper). They also found a golden precept during at tripping, climbing to Semeru defensively. With the last energy they still buck for arrived at the top. And finally, after struggle under difficulties they can pick up their dream. August 17th, they arrived at top of Semeru Mountain, Mahameru. With the other climber they done an independent day ceremony, with proudly and churlishly they gave the salute to the greatness flag by singing an Indonesia Raya song. The ceremony going on commotion by all of climbers. It’s became unforgettable moment, solemnize an independent day ceremony at the top of Java island. The journey that made them belief to dream, and they able to reach it if they still belief that they can. And you would become a memorable man as a one that still have dreams and belief, not just a body that can speak, walk, and have name. You will became a memorable man who belief with strength of dream and reach it, not just a dreamer, not just an ordinary people without aim but a man that belief on miracle of dreams and aspiration Ten years later, they came together in Secret Garden with their children. Arial that finally married with Indy, Zafran with Riani, Genta with Citra, Ian with Salma, and Arinda with Daniek. As we know in a previous story that Zafran who admired so much with Arinda finally he was aware if Riani kept in secret about her felling to Zafran. Genta who has felling to Riani but finally he got his true love with Riani’s partner, Citra. And Arinda who kept in secret about her felling to Genta finally found her true love when journey to Semeru, he is Daniek. Love is so complicated. We can’t guess when it came and when it gone. For them who didn’t have at belief, although human can’t set back the time but God was given a person a free hand to starting their life to made a beautiful ending.